. More flexible employment and wage systems would increase the age at which older workers leave firms. For young people … break down dualism, including reduced employment protection for regular workers, alongside improved social insurance …

and the era of 100-year lives. A shift to more flexible employment and wage systems based on performance rather than age … discourage the employment of women, namely the lack of work-life balance and shortages of high quality and affordable childcare … foreign workers in Japan. Breaking down labour market dualism is crucial to expand employment opportunities for women and …