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China’s exceptional economic expansion has led to rising energy demand and pollution as well as other environmental … pressures. Strong efforts by the government have moderated emissions of some types of air and water pollution from high levels … other costs and reduce well-being. The 12th Five Year Plan aims at further reducing pollution and at other environmental …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009767753
Urbanisation in China has long been held back by various restrictions on land and internal migration but has taken off since the 1990s, as these impediments started to be gradually relaxed. People have moved in large numbers to richer cities, where productivity is higher and has increased...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010231018
Since around 2007, the country has been enjoying an “energy renaissance” thanks to its abundant stocks of shale oil and gas. The resurgence in oil and gas production is beginning to create discernible economic impacts and has changed the landscape for natural gas prices in the United States,...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010464981
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The recent euro area sovereign debt crisis has shown the importance of market reactions for the sustainability of debt. The objective of this paper is to calculate endogenous government debt limits given the markets assessment of the probability to default. The estimated primary balance reaction...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011399483
Indonesia has a very good record of poverty reduction, having halved its incidence over the past two decades. Nevertheless, almost 30 million people still live below the national poverty line, mostly in rural areas and in certain provinces. In order to make further progress in lifting these...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011399569
rapidly. Ensuing environmental pressures are sizable, including through CO2 emissions, air pollution and land use changes …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009767736
With gross government debt surpassing 200% of GDP, Japan’s fiscal situation is in uncharted territory. In addition to robust nominal GDP growth, correcting two decades of budget deficits requires a large and sustained fiscal consolidation based on a detailed and credible multi-year plan that...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009767748
As its workforce ages and major economies shift towards producing higher value-added goods and services, New Zealand will face increasing challenges to remain globally competitive and maintain high living standards. Future growth will need to come increasingly from productivity gains, and...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009769652