Wöbmann, Ludger; Lüdemann, Elke; Schütz, Gabriela; … - 2007
students (external exit exams), teachers (monitoring of lessons), and schools (assessment-based comparisons). The combined … achievement differences amount to more than one and a half PISA grade-level equivalents. Students in schools with hiring autonomy … perform better on average, while they perform worse in schools with autonomy in formulating their budget. School autonomy over …