This study aims at exploring how recent developments in the retail sector affect trade in consumer goods. It focuses on … and trade policy are complementary. In developing countries the entry of international retailers can have a positive …

to freer trade, in most models these costs are assumed to be very small. However, more recent evidence is casting doubt …, facilitating the comparison of short term labour market impacts from trade across countries. Data are reported at the individual … results are consistent with modern trade theory which posits that an expanding export sector rewards mostly high skilled …

policy initiatives address some of these differences. Our results suggest that while firm size clearly influences the trade …

Countries embarking on trade negotiations are not only seeking increased market access, but also, reduced market … trade agreements (RTAs) concluded by OECD and large emerging economies over the last decade. While there is a lively … discussion on strengthening transparency in the World Trade Organization (WTO), scant attention has been paid to the evolution of …

Trade deficits and surpluses are sometimes attributed to intentionally low or high exchange rate levels. The impact of … exchange rate levels on trade has been much debated but the large body of existing empirical literature does not suggest an … unequivocally clear picture of the trade impacts of changes in exchange rates. In addition, much of the evidence on this subject …

What influences the adoption of transparency obligations in trade agreements, and what are its effects? This paper uses … a new dataset on transparency provisions in over a hundred regional trade agreements (RTAs) to provide empirical … evidence of the political economy determinants of international transparency commitments, as well as the trade impact of …

the labour content of trade, we estimated the volume of direct employment associated with exports, according to the skill … composition of trade, the jobs created by exports only amounted to about 15% of those created by domestic demand and the export …

International trade produces income gains across the world by facilitating an efficient allocation of production among … trading countries. However, increased trade exposure also creates some challenges, and there are adjustment costs associated … with changing trade patterns. Effective complementary policies, by promoting flexibility and adaptation within economies …