to freer trade, in most models these costs are assumed to be very small. However, more recent evidence is casting doubt …, facilitating the comparison of short term labour market impacts from trade across countries. Data are reported at the individual … results are consistent with modern trade theory which posits that an expanding export sector rewards mostly high skilled …

International trade produces income gains across the world by facilitating an efficient allocation of production among … trading countries. However, increased trade exposure also creates some challenges, and there are adjustment costs associated … with changing trade patterns. Effective complementary policies, by promoting flexibility and adaptation within economies …

Trade deficits and surpluses are sometimes attributed to intentionally low or high exchange rate levels. The impact of … exchange rate levels on trade has been much debated but the large body of existing empirical literature does not suggest an … unequivocally clear picture of the trade impacts of changes in exchange rates. In addition, much of the evidence on this subject …