Climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing humankind this century. If left unchecked, it is likely to result in more frequent and severe climatic events, with the potential to cause substantial disruption to our economies, businesses and livelihoods in the coming decades. Yet the...

The transition to a carbon-neutral economy is necessary to limit the negative impact of climate change and has become one of the world's most urgent priorities. This paper assesses the impact of three potential transition pathways, differing in the timing and level of ambition of emission...

Macroprudential policies since the global financial crisis have been central to safeguarding financial stability. Despite the increasing use of multiple policy instruments, a detailed understanding of interactions among them is still needed to assess how instrument combinations can enhance the...