In this paper we provide an update regarding the effects of money growth variability on real economic activity in the United States using monthly data and the new CFS Divisia monetary aggregates, extending the work in Serletis and Shahmoradi (Macroecon Dyn 10:652–666 <CitationRef CitationID="CR25">2006</CitationRef>) and Serletis and...</citationref>

The current mainstream approach to monetary policy is based on the New Keynesian model and is expressed in terms of a short-term nominal interest, such as the federal funds rate in the United States. It ignores the role of leverage and also downplays the role of money in basic monetary theory...