This report represents the largest assessment of village spending since the enactment of the Village Law. The findings presented here are based on a public expenditure analysis of financial data from 45,625 rural villages across 248 districts and 33 provinces. This represents over 58 percent of...

Indonesia's development trajectory has been remarkable over the past 20 years, supported by macroeconomic stability and prudent fiscal management. The economy grew on average by 5.3 percent annually between 2000 and 2018, while gross national income (GNI) per capita rose six-fold from USD 580 in...

While Indonesia has successfully decreased early childhood mortality, its stunting rates are among the highest in the world; this has lifelong consequences for health, human capital, poverty, and equity. Indonesia has committed significant resources to improving nutrition outcomes; yet,...

Indonesia's most recent amendment to its decentralization legislation transferred a far greater role in education management and service delivery to subnational governments. However, little information has been made available on how subnational governments conduct the planning, allocation, and...