This Education Public Expenditure Review (PER) analyzes public expenditures and outcomes since 2004. Its purpose is to help the Ministry of Education and Higher Education (MEHE) set priorities; and make decisions on resource allocation, utilization, efficiencies, and management, and in achieving...

Myanmar's decentralization of governance, financing and service delivery is taking place against aparticularly challenging backdrop. Myanmar is a country with considerable geographic and socialdiversity and a history of isolation, conflict and underdevelopment. Decades of civil conflict and...

Malawi's economic growth has been low and volatile for the past two decades, leading to stagnating high poverty levels. The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic will negatively affected economic growth leading to lower government revenue. Despite low per capita growth, Malawi has made strong progress...

This Public Expenditure Review (PER) was prepared by the World Bank at the request of the Ministry of Finance of Cabo Verde. With a debt-to-GDP ratio of 126 percent in 2017, Cabo Verde is the most indebted country in Sub-Saharan Africa. The country is also at a high of risk of external debt...

The Zambian government has outlined an ambitious rights-based approach to health care provision as outlined in its national health policy. Specifically, the government is determined to achieve universal health coverage (UHC) by providing all its citizens with access to free quality health care...

This Public Expenditure Review (PER) is the first for Namibia's health sector. Namibia is an upper-middle income country that has made major progress in improving the standard of living for its population and reducing poverty. Still, with one of the highest Gini coefficients in the world, the...

This Public Expenditure Review (PER) report provides an update on trends and patterns of health expenditures in the public sector. It assesses the availability of fiscal space, the role of user fees and pooled financing arrangements, and provides an overview of the fund flow and financial...

Sierra Leone is a low-income, small West African country of approximately 7.65 million population. Over the past decade, the country has made gains on several health indicators, but it faces huge challenges. Infectious diseases remain the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, but...

City local governments have been facing multiple challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic to secure adequate financial resources for response and recovery. This report assesses the impact of the pandemic on local governments' financial situations through cross-country analysis and comparison....

Macroeconomic growth and incomes have been on the rise since the Asian Financial Crisis (AFC), but health service utilization and health outcomes in Indonesia have been slower to improve. Jamkesmas could provide valuable benefits by allowing cardholders to acquire preventative, curative, and...