This report takes an in-depth look, from a policy perspective, at the trade-offs between increasing tax collection and improving the equity of the fiscal system. As part of this effort, the report places the Peruvian tax system in an international context and considers the key challenges the...

Over the past twenty years, Indonesia has pursued an ambitious policy agenda for decentralization. Indonesia's subnational governments play a key role in providing frontline services. In 2014, Indonesia's Village Law ushered in a new chapter in the country's decentralization agenda. The law...

What is the appropriate level of employment in the public sector as a whole and for essential workers like public administrators, teachers, and doctors? Is the public sector wage bill affordable? Does the public sector pay competitive wages compared to the private sector to attract talent while...

The Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) is a constitutionally recognized semiautonomous region in northern Iraq. Its government, the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG), based in Erbil, has the right, under the Iraqi constitution of 2005, to exercise legislative, executive, and judicial powers...

Identification schemes are key enablers for the effective delivery of services and more broadly for the quality of engagement between a country's government and its citizens. Legal identity is now recognized as an essential element of development; target 16.9 of the Sustainable Development Goals...

The Palestinian Authority (PA) is in the early phase of its e-goverment journey and aims to utilize ICT to deliver services to its citizens and businesses to improve social well-beng and facilitate economic development. The PA aims to serve 12.1 million Palestinians in the West Bank (2.7...

The report is organized as follows. Section two reviews the identity ecosystem in Morocco. The section discusses in detail five identification programs that seem to have complementary strengths and that can be considered as assets. These are the national identity (CNIE), the civil register, the...

This introductory guide has been developed by the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC), the Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy (CIPFA) with the support of the World Bank to explain to public sector leaders and their teams how integrated thinking and reporting can...

Guinea's ITC sector, the pilot project for the establishment of a national digital identification system must be more clearly defined; clarification is required regarding the status of the project signed at the end of March 2015, for the establishment of a civil registry and the production of...

Zambia provides a distinctive case of national identity management. Even from before independence in 1964 the identity card has played a prominent role and by 2010 the National Registration Card (NRC) covered more than 83 percent of the population of 16 and above. At the same time civil...