By improving their skills, health, knowledge, and resilience-their human capital-people can be more productive, flexible, and innovative. Human capital is a central driver of sustainable growth and poverty reduction. Investments in human capital have become more important as the nature of work...

This Note systematizes the economic evaluation of Jobs Investment Projects. It explains the limitations of past approaches that have regarded jobs only as a by-product of growth. It focuses on market failures that create a gap between the social and private return on investments and reduce the...

While Ethiopia has experienced remarkable improvement in access to education, quality of education has hardly kept pace. An acute shortage of teaching/learning materials has particularly hampered learning in primary and secondary education, and the limited materials available frequently turn out...

This document presents an incentive framework aiming to improve knowledge sharing (KS) and reusing behaviors at the World Bank. Given the nature of the Bank's work, evidence suggests that effective and efficient knowledge sharing might be the biggest predictor of success. To approach KS in a...

The report is structured as follows. The next section introduces the theoretical notion of a 'virtual economy' and explains how it is distinct from other Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-related economic activities. The following sections describe in detail the main areas of the...