An increasingly confirmed theory in recent decades claims that a product is purchased for what it represents for the customer, and not for what it is itself (subjective utility theory), the product is purchased for the service they provide, for the safety, for the comfort, for fashion, for what...

The integration of Romania in the European Union has determined serious implicationson economy and on the national banking system that had to cope with the pressure of a competitive market having higher and higher demands from customers who ask for much more complex products and banking...

Asset-liability management (ALM) is a term whose meaning has evolved. It is used in slightly different ways in different contexts. ALM was pioneered by financial institutions, but corporations now also apply ALM techniques. In banking, asset and liability management is the practice of managing...

This paper proposes a multiple regression model for country risk assessment using the main economic-financial and political variables starting from the existing major risk rating systems. It is based on data provided by international organizations such as the International Monetary Fund, the...

Financial institutions, like any other company for that matter, have as a main objective the diversification and expansion of revenue and profit sources. To this purpose they have expanded ever more their activity across national borders. But, as it is well known, especially if we relate to the...

Credit risk is defined as that risk of financial loss caused by failure by the counterparty. According to statistics, for financial institutions, credit risk is much important than market risk, reduced diversification of the credit risk is the main cause of bank failures. Just recently, the...

The sovereign credit risk rating for Romania had significant changes in the 1996 – 2008 periods, from category B- with negative perspective, as the lowest level, to BBB-, with positive perspective. The objective of this paper is to explain the importance of sovereign rating for Romania in the...

The financial crisis was the negative, cumulative effect of several interconnected factors, of economic, financial and institutional nature. Interdependence of economies and global financial systems have led to the chaing propagation of the crisis effects, due to the globalization of the...

Quality management banking perspective is extremely interesting, from the point of view of the activities specific, and of the permanent area competition imposement. Banks being aware of the quality problems also lead to the appearance and requirement of some area working standards. Standards...

Defining risks and performances is a classical procedure, but also very important, because it is the base in evaluating risks. The patterns of evaluation are the most important instruments of scientific knowledge, a conventional image of the objective that needs to be examined. Those are builder...