The current crisis is spreading from the rich countries to those which surround them respectively, countries wherein its degree of gravity is even greater; in turn, that effect sets off a yet stronger backwash in those countries in the Centre, which further aggravates the situation. This...

In a closed economy, the growth of the GDP is equal to the net indebtedness (the increase of indebtedness) of it agents from one period to another, which allows current demand to be greater than the income of the preceding quarter. In an open economy, we must add to that the net indebtedness of...

In time of crisis, surprising developments: changes in currency rates can be observed; the large countries which are suffering the most see their respective currencies appreciate while at the same time the gold price decreases. There is an explanation for these paradoxes!