Forward markets, both medium term and long term, complement the spot market for wholesale electricity. The forward markets reduce risk, mitigate market power, and coordinate new investment. In the medium term, a forward energy market lets suppliers and demanders lock in energy prices and...

The Federal Communications Commission held its first auction of radio spectrum at the Nationwide Narrowband PCS Auction in July 1994. The simultaneous multiple-round auction, which lasted five days, was an ascending bid auction in which all licenses were offered simultaneously. This paper...

In April of 2000, the Radiocommunications Agency of the United Kingdom completed its first spectrum auction, raising £22.5 billion for five third-generation (3G) mobile wireless licenses. This paper assesses how well the UK 3G spectrum auction did in achieving the Government's objectives.