Literature on tournament mobility in internal labor markets (ILMs) is reviewed revealing a paucity of studies examining the promotion patterns of late entrants into internal promotion systems. An investigation of 502 managers in a large corporation indicated that late entry into the ILM...

Purpose – This study aims to explore the role of formal education in managerial career attainment and how this role has changed over time. Design/methodology/approach – The personnel records of two cohorts of managers who entered the firm at different times in a large internal labor market...