Argues that empowerment facilitated by the development of personal power in staff is an important attribute for job satisfaction and longevity, and is an important element in the creation of effective learning organizations. In contrast to this, the main focus of management educators, trainers,...

Two understandings of “conflict” are derived from a multi‐cultural East‐West experience: as a fundamental threat in which conflict is normally avoided, and as competitive games in which conflict is associated with confrontation and negotiation, and is sought after. Suggests that it is...