We have studied the statistical mechanics of money circulation in a closed economic system. An explicit statistical formulation of the circulation velocity of money is presented for the first time by introducing the concept of holding time of money. The result indicates that the velocity is...

On the basis of traditional weighted network, we study a new complex network model with multi-weights, which has one or several different types of weights between any two nodes. According to the method of network split, we split the complex network with multi-weights into several different...

A gain laser model is investigated in consideration of colored quadratic pump noises term. Accordingly the cross-correlation coefficient λp between the real and imaginary parts of the pump noise is successfully introduced to the amplitude equation. We present a thorough discussion of how the...

In this paper, we study a single-mode laser cubic model with cross-correlation between real and imaginary parts of the quantum noise in which pump noise is colored. By using unified colored noise approximation and locked phase, we derive the Fokker–Planck Equation of amplitude, and the...