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Weights of edges and nodes on food webs which are available from the empirical data hide much information about energy flows and biomass distributions in ecosystem. We define a set of variables related to weights for each species i, including the throughflow Ti, the total biomass Xi, and the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011059890
The highly detailed international trade data among all countries in the world during 1971–2000 shows that the kinds of export goods and the logarithmic GDP (gross domestic production) of a country have an S-shaped relationship. This indicates that all countries can be divided into three stages...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011064014