Bollinger bands are well-known in stock market as a popular technical analysis tool. We found that Black–Scholes stock price model had this Bollinger bands property also. In this paper, we give the proof of this phenomenon, and give a new distribution of a statistics generated by the Bollinger...

This work presents simulations and experimental measurements of two negative refraction metamaterial samples at microwave frequencies. The two samples are composed of Four-Triangle Split Resonant Rings and Metal Wires (FTSRRs–MWs) with different cell sizes which are found to play an important...

The optimal layout problem of circle group in a circular container with performance constraints of equilibrium belongs to a class of NP-hard problem. The key obstacle of solving this problem is the lack of an effective global optimization method. We convert the circular packing problem with...

In some real complex systems the structures are difficult to map or changing over time. To explore the evolution of strategies on these complex systems, it is not realistic enough to specify their structures or topological properties in advance. In this paper, we address the evolutionary game on...