We investigate the topological properties of N(N⩾1) disclination lines in cholesteric liquid crystals. The topological structure of N disclination lines is obtained with the Hopf index and Brouwer degree. Furthermore, the knotted χ disclination loops is proposed with the Hopf invariant. And...

Humans often behave discriminatorily towards others depending on their group membership. In this work, we establish a spatial Prisoner’s dilemma model to investigate the relation between tag-mediated discrimination and cooperation. By introducing tag-mediated selective interaction, we find...

The study on the navigation process in spatial networks has attracted much attention in recent years due to the universal applications in real communication networks. This article surveys recent advances of the navigation problem in spatial networks. Due to the ability to overcome scaling...

Preferential attachment is considered one of the key factors in the formation of scale-free networks. However, complete random attachment without a preferential mechanism can also generate scale-free networks in nature, such as protein interaction networks in cells. This article presents a new...

Rumor is an important form of social interaction, and its spreading has a significant impact on people’s lives. In the age of Web, people are using electronic media more frequently than ever before, and blog has become one of the main online social interactions. Therefore, it is essential to...

A new multi-objective simulated annealing (MOSA) algorithm is proposed for optimizing network topology. In this paper, the MOSA algorithm is used to perform two-objective simultaneous optimization. The two objectives examined in this paper are the critical packet generation rate, and average...