While there is extensive knowledge about how to design fiscal decentralization policies, considerably less is … understood about how a decentralization program should be sequenced and implemented. Countries embarking on decentralization … often struggle with decisions about the essential components of decentralization, including the order of an introduction of …

quantitatively how fiscal decentralization affects local and central government debt accumulation and spending. In the model, the … local and central debts are inefficiently high. Consistent with empirical evidence, when fiscal decentralization widens …

gains and the inequality costs of trade liberalization are quantified and the trade-offs between them are assessed using an … Atkinson social welfare index. The analysis finds average income gains from import tariff liberalization in 45 countries and …