services may increase productivity at the level of the economy as a whole, industries and the firm. The authors explore what …

study examines the link between services sector reforms and the productivity of domestic firms in downstream manufacturing … lead to two conclusions. First, the study finds that services policy matters for the productivity of manufacturing firms …

The authors investigate the relationship between the productivity of African manufacturing firms and their access to … services inputs. They use data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey for over 1,000 firms in 10 Sub-Saharan African countries … to calculate the total factor productivity of firms. The Enterprise Surveys also contain unique measures of firms' access …

dealing with undervalued exchange rates. This paper proposes new rules in the World Trade Organization to discipline cases of … WTO's enforcement mechanism is credible and effective. The World Trade Organization would not be involved in exchange rate … advantage of the two institutions, with the International Monetary Fund providing the essential technical expertise in the World …

There is a fundamental shift taking place in the world economy to which the multilateral trading system has failed to … interests largely in the rich countries, is running out of steam; (ii) the world economy is moving broadly from conditions of …

The benefits of services trade reform are huge but services negotiations in the World Trade Organization (WTO) are …

world struggles to scale up vaccination in the face of new waves and variants, continued emphasis on testing could help …