This paper presents a new demographic profile of extreme and moderate poverty, defined as those living on less than $1 … poverty is primarily rural and young; 80 percent of the extreme poor and 75 percent of the moderate poor live in rural areas … in households with three or more children. Gender differences in poverty rates are muted, and there is scant evidence of …

in poverty? Using counterfactual simulations, this paper accounts for the contribution labor income has made to the … observed changes in poverty over the past decade for a set of 16 countries that have experienced substantial declines in … poverty. In contrast to methods that focus on aggregate summary statistics, the analysis generates entire counterfactual …