, selective adaptation, and industrial upgrading. This paper attempts to distill lessons from China's reform and opening up … process, and investigate the underlying reasons behind China's success in trade expansion and economic growth. From its … beginnings with home-grown and second-best institutions, China has embarked on a long journey of reform, experimentation, and …

The author applies a systems-oriented "holistic" approach to China's radical economic reforms during the past quarter … of a century. He characterizes China's economic reforms in terms of a multidimensional classification of economic systems …. When looking at the economic consequences of China's change of economic system, he deals with both the impressive growth …