How corruption affects economic performance has been studied for over a decade. Yet the lack of detailed firm …-level data has limited research regarding who is carrying the real burden of corruption. This study shows that for firms in the …

This paper discusses mechanisms of grand corruption in private sector utility provision in developing countries. By the … term "grand corruption," the authors abstract from the petty corruption that consumers experience - for example, when firms … government level involving private sector management, ownership, and provision of utility services. Corruption at that level may …

This paper studies the relationship between gender and corruption in the health sector. It uses data collected directly … payments as an indicator of corruption, women seem at first significantly less corrupt than men as consistently suggested by … advantage of corruption opportunities as men. Female-headed facilities also are not less likely to experience informal charging …

control of corruption, rule of law, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, political stability, and voice and …'s even more widely-known aggregate index similarly reflects perceptions not only of corruption, as intended, but of the …

This paper examines the impact of reducing corruption and improving transparency to lower trade costs in the Asia … corruption. Results suggest that trade in the region would increase by 11 percent and global welfare would expand by $406 billion … transparency and lower levels of corruption. …

raises accountability and lowers corruption in bank lending. …

: large payments to gain or alter contracts and circumvent regulations are common. The impact of corruption goes beyond bribe …-and this is where the major impact of corruption is felt. Regulation of the sector is necessary, but simplicity, transparency … enforced regulation of the construction process. Where government is the client, attempts to counter corruption need to begin …

Governance is central to development outcomes in infrastructure, not least because corruption (a symptom of failed … - primarily at the sector level - to improve governance and reduce the development impact of corruption. The discussion covers …

business growth seem also to depend on a fourth element, namely, corruption. Specifically, labor regulation affects the growth … only of enterprises for which corruption is not a factor in business decisions. By contrast, power shortages seem to be a … drag on the growth only of enterprises self-reportedly held back by corruption. Lastly, sales growth is constrained by cash …

factor, namely, corruption. The rate of fixed investment is significantly lower where power shortages are more severe and …-reportedly affected by corruption. Although access to finance does not seem to influence the rate of investment for most firms, there is … evidence that investment decisions are constrained by cash flow in enterprises that are unaffected by corruption or power …