). These are budget institutions whose rationale it is to enable the central government to make credible multi-year fiscal …

expenditures affect (1) the budget balance, (2) budget prioritization in allocation, (3) the effectiveness and efficiency of fiscal … revenue is published in the same way as the other budget components-tax revenue received, tax expenditures, direct … expenditures, and fiscal balance-will a budget system be truly transparent in terms of revenue-raising activities and expenditure …

sources of data are tapped to allow comparison between expenditure patterns on and off budget. The study finds that on-budget … levels, except in a handful of cases. There is evidence that low-income countries, despite lower spending envelopes, attach … greater priority to public investment and infrastructure spending than their middle-income counterparts. Econometric analysis …

This paper responds to the development policy debate involving the World Bank and the IMF on the use of fiscal policy … not only for economic stabilization but also to promote economic growth and increase per capita income. A key issue in … "fiscal space" in the budget. But there are no simple ways to identify the growth-maximizing composition of public expenditure …

Government spending in developing countries typically account for between 15 and 30 percent of GDP. Hence, small … changes in the efficiency of public spending could have a major impact on GDP and on the attainment of the government … of the government's budget. Similarly, countries with higher ratios of public to private financing of the service …

creditors (primarily multilateral development banks and bilateral aid agencies) are a major source of financing for government …

transition in these countries, distinguished by relatively low-income consumers and highly concentrated markets that distort …

-that of populist pressure on political parties to spend more on the general public good, financed by costly income taxation … groups over group-specific targeted benefits financed by generalized taxation. These models predict that governments …