expenditure has become the key instrument by which development agencies seek to promote economic development. In recent years, the … development assistance to heavily indebted poor countries (HIPCs) has been made conditional on increased expenditure on categories … development strategy and its economic goals such as growth, equity, and poverty reduction. It recommends the use of public …

focusing on both the level and composition of public spending, in connection to the dynamics of GDP per capita growth. It …, Indonesia, Botswana, and Mauritius, which have been among the top performers in the world in terms of GDP per capita growth …

Given that public spending will have a positive impact on GDP if the benefits exceed the marginal cost of public funds … aggregate data requires three caveats: a) considering of the impact of the funding (taxation) required for the additional public … different types of capital and differences in network development. It is essential to go beyond country-specificity to project …

consumption volatility using three sets of variables: one refers to the volatility of income and the persistence of income shocks … variables method. The results indicate that, besides income volatility, the variables with the largest and most robust impact on …

influence resulting from extreme income inequalities is particularly likely to generate an incidence bias, which we call social … higher income inequality, thus generating multiple equilibria: with social exclusion and high inequality; and with social …