This paper discusses mechanisms of grand corruption in private sector utility provision in developing countries. By the … term "grand corruption," the authors abstract from the petty corruption that consumers experience - for example, when firms … government level involving private sector management, ownership, and provision of utility services. Corruption at that level may …

: large payments to gain or alter contracts and circumvent regulations are common. The impact of corruption goes beyond bribe …-and this is where the major impact of corruption is felt. Regulation of the sector is necessary, but simplicity, transparency … enforced regulation of the construction process. Where government is the client, attempts to counter corruption need to begin …

quality of services. It also shows that corruption leads to adjustments in the quantity, quality, and price of services … privatization and the introduction of independent regulators have, at best, only partial effects on the consequences of corruption …

This paper examines what we can say about the extent and impact of corruption in infrastructure in developing countries … using existing evidence. It looks at different approaches to estimating the extent of corruption and reports on the results … very weak proxies for the actual extent of corruption in the infrastructure sector, largely (but inaccurately) measuring …

In the standard model of corruption, the rich are more likely to pay bribes for their children's education, reflecting … Bangladesh, this paper finds strong evidence that corruption in schools is doubly regressive: (i) the poor are more likely to pay … implies that "free schooling" is free only for the rich and corruption makes the playing field skewed against the poor. This …

The aim of this study is to provide a microeconomic investigation of the concept of entrepreneurship; in particular, it … discusses the following issues: 1) the alternative ways of looking at entrepreneurship, distinguishing "creative destruction … (of the new firm); and 4) the possible scope for an economic policy aimed at maximizing the impact of entrepreneurship on …

How corruption affects economic performance has been studied for over a decade. Yet the lack of detailed firm …-level data has limited research regarding who is carrying the real burden of corruption. This study shows that for firms in the …

education and age are associated with higher probability of being discouraged. Trust in state institutions decreases the … probability of being discouraged, while knowledge of mechanisms to report corruption and extent of social network increase it … institutional factors. Econometric results suggest that corruption reduces the supply of services, while voice mechanisms and …

This paper studies the relationship between gender and corruption in the health sector. It uses data collected directly … payments as an indicator of corruption, women seem at first significantly less corrupt than men as consistently suggested by … advantage of corruption opportunities as men. Female-headed facilities also are not less likely to experience informal charging …