including limited financing, burdensome regulations, and unsafe conditions suggest that such factors raise adaptation costs …

Adaptation to climate change includes addressing sea level rise and increased storm surges in many coastal areas …

middle-income countries to pursue immediate development needs and thus prepare for later periods when adaptation needs and …

's economic growth. This survey of the recent microeconomics adaptation literature suggests that although firm competitiveness is … negatively affected by weather events, firms may bounce back better under certain conditions. The adaptation and resilience of … pace of adaptation, the paper concludes with some insights on the options available to policy makers …

-term costs of effective adaptation investment programs. Using the most recent Debt Sustainability Analyses of SIDS, the paper … feasible way to fund the adaptation investment requirements of SIDS. Finally, the paper discusses the type of assistance that …

encourage immediate planning for adaptation. …

Although climate policies have been so far mostly focused on mitigation, adaptation to climate change is a growing … concern in developed and developing countries. This paper discusses how adaptation fits into the global climate strategy, at … mitigation, proactive adaptation (ex ante), and reactive adaptation (ex post)-is solved without and with uncertainty. Mitigation …