through laissez-faire market mechanisms, and a government needs to establish nonmarket institutions to implement the strategy …

institutions directly. In theory, these effects may or may not work in the same direction as those on investment. The authors … examine the effect of aid on economic institutions and find that aid has neither a positive nor a negative impact on existing … measures of economic institutions. They find the results using pooled data for non-overlapping five-year periods, confirmed by …

The author provides a conceptual framework for approaching the promotion of technological innovation and its diffusion … in developing countries. Innovation climates in developing countries are, by nature, problematic, characterized by poor … the promotion of innovation. The latter should be understood as the diffusion of technologies-and related practices …

trade disputes, emphasizing the Brazil-United States dispute involving ethanol and the broader United States-China dispute …

The authors examine how institutions that enforce contracts between two parties-producers and consumers-interact in a …

continues with a discussion of sources of environmental innovation. Given that most innovation is concentrated in a few rich …

This paper analyzes the cyclical properties of worker flows in Brazil and Mexico, two important developing countries …

economies in the water industry in four countries (Brazil, Colombia, Moldova, and Vietnam) that differ substantially in economic … Brazil the authors cannot reject the 0 hypothesis of constant returns to scale. They also find evidence of economies of …

expenditures, as in China and India, the impact was magnified. Increases in recurrent expenditure, which were made in Brazil and …