responses to the pandemic can modify the degree of preventive health behavior, including vaccination. To do so, the paper uses … provide a signal about the underlying risk of the pandemic and indirectly affect vaccination take-up. Rather than focusing on … in government. In countries or communities where social norms are tighter and trust in government health authorities is …

population groups: all adults, teenagers, high-risk groups, and women of reproductive age. The impact of vaccines on the epidemic …/AIDS pandemic. But vaccines that do not attain this ideal can still be useful. A vaccine with 50 percent efficacy and 10 years …Many people see an effective preventive AIDS vaccine as the best solution to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Ten years ago many …

comparatively neglected as a policy priority both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper seeks to understand what …, by applying a political prioritization framework to the pandemic context in four low- and middle-income countries … on norm promotion and technical assistance than financing. In other respects, the pandemic put early childhood education …

Providing protection against the financial risk of high out-of-pocket health spending is one of the main goals of the … Philippines’ health strategy. Yet, as this paper shows using eight household surveys, health spending increased by 150 percent … (real) from 2000 to 2012, with the sharpest increases occurring in recent years. The main driver of health spending is …

) health services across municipios (counties) in Brazil, and on the probability that uninsured individuals who require medical … attention actually receive access to those health services. Using data from the 1998 PNAD survey they demonstrate that higher … access to health services when he, or she seeks it. The authors find that an increase in income inequality, an increase in …

Public health services, which reduce a population's exposure to disease through such measures as sanitation and vector … control, are an essential part of a country's development infrastructure. In the industrial world and East Asia, systematic … public health efforts raised labor productivity and life expectancies well before modern curative technologies became widely …

-called core or essential public health functions, such as disease surveillance, health education, monitoring and evaluation …, workforce development, enforcement of public health laws and regulations, public health research, and health policy development …

The author is concerned with the role of education as a determinant of health care choices. His central premise is that … utilization of health services is determined not solely by an individual's own education, but rather by a notion of effective … education of different household members affects health care choices. He tests these hypotheses on data from Mozambique …

The decade following India's accession to the World Trade Organization's Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property … ushered in numerous changes to the country's patent system, culminating in a series of amendments in 2005. But a functioning … patent system is more than a statute. This paper discusses the steps that India must still take to develop an effective …

The size of the economic shocks triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic and the effects of the associated non … over the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis relies on high-frequency proxies, such as daily electricity … consumption, nitrogen dioxide emission, and mobility records, to trace the economic disruptions caused by the pandemic, and …