higher-income countries. Efficiency has improved during the 1990s in energy and education but has not improved significantly …

relevant for developing countries, where public spending on education and health is relatively low, and the state of governance … public spending can be explained by quality of governance. The authors find that public health spending lowers child and … governance, public spending on primary education becomes effective in increasing primary education attainment. These findings …

What are the current trends and main characteristics of public education spending in Indonesia? Is education spending … insufficient? Are expenditures in education efficient and equitable? This study reports the first account of Indonesia's aggregated … education enrollment. It concludes that the current challenges in Indonesia are no longer defined by the need of additional …

health outcomes and health service use. In any effort to address these questions, analysts must confront the issue of how to … analysis of health inequalities and the incidence of public spending. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the potential … sensitivity of the analysis of health-related inequalities to how socioeconomic status is measured. Using data from Mozambique …

The Millennium Development Goals set quantitative targets for poverty reduction and improvements in health, education … in health, education, and the environment. Both estimates yield a figure in the range of $40-$70 billion in additional … health or education and related outcomes, or the relationship between investment and growth, the sensitivity of the results …

This paper analyzes the effects of all-weather rural roads on households' net output prices, education and health in a … health and education at least as highly as the 'commercial' ones. … hospital than in the nearest primary health clinic; and (iv) the respondents ranked the resulting benefits in the domains of …

This paper explores the impact of remittances on poverty, education, and health in 11 Latin American countries using … remittances flows with respect to GDP. While remittances tend to have positive effects on education and health, this impact is … following: (1) regardless of the counterfactual used remittances appear to lower poverty levels in most recipient countries; (2 …

Breaking the intergenerational transmission of poverty requires far-reaching actions in the education sector …. Widespread poverty affects both students' performance and their availability to attend school. Low-quality education leads to low … income, which in turn perpetuates poverty. Furthermore, low levels of education affect growth though low labor productivity …

contrast, there is little observed relationship between mental health and poverty or education, common measures of socio … impact on mental health than overall levels of poverty. This may have important implications for social protection policy …The social and economic consequences of poor mental health in the developing world are presumed to be significant, yet …

further poverty reduction in Indonesia. To provide a good technical basis for answering this question, the authors use an …Indonesia experienced rapid growth and the expansion of the formal financial sector during the last quarter of the 20th …, macroeconomic stability has since then been restored, and poverty has been reduced to pre-crisis levels. Poverty reduction remains …