Most of the analysis of convergence of productivity addresses some aspect of it in industrialized countries. This approach is broader in two respects. First, much of the data analyzed here deals with other measures of performance which are referred to collectively as social indicators. These...

The authors survey past trends in vehicle ownership and road network expansion to analyze determinants of their growth at the national and urban level. Surprisingly, they find that: Nationally, income is a major determinant of both vehicle ownership and road length. Nationally, paved road length...

Using panel data from 50 countries and 35 urban areas (covering a wide range of country incomes), the authors summarize trends in motorization and the provision of roads, and they examine the ratio of motor vehicles to roads in a production function framework at both national andurban levels....

The authors extend their earlier empirical work by exploring alternative specifications for the relationship between vehicle ownership, road length, and the ratio of vehicles to road length, on the one hand, and income, population, pollution density, and other variables on the other. For the...

Much of our knowledge about metropolitan development is still imperfect, but in the past 35 years a great deal of theoretical and empirical work has been carried out in cities and metropolitan areas in both industrial and developing countries with market-oriented economies. This work has...