that foster deep and persistent poverty, such as lack of connectivity to markets, have provided a degree of protection for …

This paper identifies and estimates the strength of the reduction in poverty linked to improved opportunities for women … in the expanding maquila sector. A simulation exercise shows that, at a given point in time, poverty in Honduras would … have been 1.5 percentage points higher had the maquila sector not existed. Of this increase in poverty, 0.35 percentage …

The "developing world's middle class" is defined here as those who are not poor when judged by the median poverty line …-fifths came from Asia, and half from China. Most of the new entrants remained fairly close to poverty, with incomes now bunched up …

In 1993, in response to persistent unemployment, and rising poverty and social unrest, the government of Albania … introduced an anti-poverty program, namely Ndihma Ekonomike; in 1995 it was extended to all poor households. This paper estimates … subjective measures of household poverty. The analysis uses the nationally representative Albanian Living Standards Measurement …

. Inequality between global citizens is estimated at 70 Gini points rather than 65 as before. The richest decile receives 57 …

This paper presents a new methodology to measure inequality that optimally combines household survey information and …

to a 10 percent probability of falling into poverty is estimated, and this is used as the middle class threshold for …. The results show that there has been considerable improvement on the size of the middle class and poverty reduction … between 2003 and 2013. Poverty decreased between 2003 and 2013 from 45 to 33 percent, while the middle class increased from 13 …

and Public Policy -- provides a critical review of the economic literature on equality and inequality of opportunity. A … principle are presented, and the tensions between them are discussed. Different approaches to the measurement of inequality of … opportunity -- and empirical applications -- are reviewed, and implications for the measurement of poverty and of the rate of …