The stimulation of private saving is essential to both stabilization and structural adjustment in the transition economies. Private saving in these countries has declined sharply since independence, and this decline has been a factor in the onset of extreme inflation because governments have...

The author presents and implements a methodology for assessing the success of structural adjustment based on a"fixed effect"method. He examines data for 75 countries over 11 years. Performance indicators include measures of inflation, economic growth, external balance, and physical investment....

To measure the effectiveness of the World Bank's structural adjustment programs, the author examines the data on actual economic performance for 75 countries for the period 1976-86. He finds a clear association between participation in a World Bank adjustment lending program and cross-country...

Dumping accurs when a firm charges a price in the foreign market below its price in the domestic market when it supplies the indentical good to both markets. Provisions within the GATT allow member countries to impose antidumping (AD) duties to counteract this behavior and return the price of...

The author demonstrates that sustained inflation is a predictable response to price liberalization in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The author models the phenomenon in a dynamic macroeconomic framework,and demonstrates the immediate price jump followed by sustained inflation that has...

Economists and policymakers in the Soviet Union before its dissolution were concerned about the growth of the"ruble overhang."The concern was that the rationing of consumer goods evident in prior years had led to an excess of purchasing power in households. Price liberalization was expected to...

Many economies of the former Soviet Union have experienced cash shortages: people with demand and savings deposits in the banking system are unable to convert them into currency. Usually this is attributed to the common use of the ruble. The author argues otherwise. According to him: (a) cash...

The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) was established by Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania and the Soviet Union in 1948 as a response to the Marshall Plan. But unlike the Marshall Plan it provided no financial assistance to its member countries and its activities...

The United States has often been criticized for protectionist measures taken against developing country products. Yet, average agricultural protection has reemained practically nil in the U.S. over time, while rising in the European Common Market (E.C.M) and, even more, Japan. It further appears...

This paper reports on tests of alternative hypotheses as to the effects of a budget deficit, examines the influence of the size of the government on economic growth, and investigates the impact of public investment on private investment, total investment, and economic growth. The findings have...