(income tax) and nontariff indirect taxation (neutral excise taxes, MODVAT, and preferably the value-added tax on consumption). …

latest three years for which we have data (2002 - 2004), the consumption Gini coefficient (the commonly used summary measure …

off-farm employment; household consumption of crops produced on the farm; and household consumption of non-food goods … differential buying and selling prices, fixed subsistence consumption constraints, participation in wage market labor, smuggling in …

While the literature on consumption insurance is growing fast, little research has been conducted on how rural … consumption insurance is affected by democracy. In this paper the authors examine how consumption insurance of Chinese rural … 1987 to 2002, they find that consumption insurance is more complete when the households are in villages with elected …

to government spending in Malaysia are greater when the focus is on public investment, as opposed to consumption. Changes …

relates subjective impacts to consumption, actual shocks, and coping strategies, using the 2010 Life in Transition Survey. Two … household budget surveys that the crisis reduced the consumption of the middle and upper classes. But the analysis also finds … strategies may help explain variations in subjective perceptions: the poorest were forced to reduce their staple food consumption …