Overview -- A survey of literature on optimal capital requirements for banks -- Testing the Modigliani-Miller theorem of capital structure irrelevance -- For banks -- Benefits and costs of higher capital requirements for banks -- Total loss-absorbing capacity (TLAC) for large banks -- A critical...

Overview -- Baseline emissions under business as usual -- Abatement initiatives in the Copenhagen Accord and Cancun Agreements -- Abatement cost functions -- Abatement costs through 2050 -- Trade and timing -- Estimating investment requirements and adaptation costs -- Synthesis