challenge. While our simulations show that budget consolidation can be done at a moderate pace in line with EU rules if those … the EU fiscal framework beyond its existing flexibility and the proposed green golden rule does not appear necessary in …

, the EU should find it easier than China to upgrade its chips industry but, given the costs, focusing on the highest …

policymakers should set their sights on the second level, which we view as achievable within the current decade, requiring new EU …

for the European Union. The EU and its members have a number of policy levers to address the crisis. These include … trade-offs must be taken into account. While EU agricultural policy can address the crisis directly by adjusting production …

suggests under-enforcement, with some problematic mergers escaping merger review and thus posing competition risks. The EU … Commission of all their intended acquisitions. This, in combination with Commission guidance on referrals by EU national …

the stock of euro-based safe assets since 2008, reflecting downgrades in sovereign ratings and the EU's financial … politically feasible in the short-term, given the difficult economic environment currently faced by the EU, but it should be a key … component of the EU's medium-term safe asset strategy. Should the political consensus be found to create a common safe asset …

The European Union created the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund (EGF) in 2007 to co-fund, together with EU member … that the EU, which has exclusive competence over trade policy, needed to assume some budgetary responsibility for the … years of implementation and in the context of the negotiations on the EU’s 2021-27 Multiannual Financial Framework. The EGF …

We study whether and to what extent EU countries implement recommendations on macroeconomic imbalances given by the EU … also study how EU recommendations on addressing macroeconomic imbalances compare to recommendations given by the … International Monetary Fund. Overall implementation of recommendations by EU countries has worsened in the last few years, in …

average (Romania, Portugal) in financial literacy rankings. The findings for the EU echo those that are also applicable to … consistently underperform in literacy tests. Financial literacy matters for the EU for three reasons: 1) in the face of rapidly … associated with the main elements of inclusive growth in the EU, namely poverty, inequality, social exclusion and social …