The euro became an international currency when it was created two decades ago. However, the euro's internationalisation … peaked as early as 2005 and it was never comparable to the US dollar. Its international status declined with the euro crisis …, Europe is reflecting on how to promote actively the internationalisation of the euro, to help ensure its autonomy. But …

Southern European euro-area members suffered from unsustainable developments after they joined the euro in 1999 and up … developments, but euro membership played a role before 2008 by leading to low real interest rates (which fuelled credit booms) and … by enabling complacency about potential vulnerabilities. Euro-area crisis management was also deficient in a number of …

Economic analyses largely ignore Europe's fragmented public sphere, a feature that distinguishes the euro area from … identifying the key crisis-related topics in articles from four opinion-forming newspapers in the largest euro-area countries … considers where blame for the crisis has been laid with the aim of informing the current debate on euro-area governance reform …

This policy contribution describes the institutional flaws of the single currency revealed by the euro crisis and the … stabilisation, and creating a small-scale euro-area stabilisation tool to provide public risk sharing in case of significant shocks … that members of the monetary union cannot deal with alone and to help manage the euro-area aggregate fiscal stance. A …

enterprises (SMEs), and foster market integration throughout the single market, including outside the euro area. • The immediate …

-19, of ensuring confidence in the euro and of preserving pensions systems all require highly integrated, functional and …

Central banks have taken drastic steps to keep their economies afloat during the COVID-19 lockdowns. In the euro …. • Accelerating inflation is not an immediate threat, as the euro area will experience in 2020 its deepest recession ever recorded …