Has the revival of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in the early 1990s affected the industrial growth in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines? Perhaps not in the early years of the revival, primarily because of the countries' long history of intra-regional trade

In the 1990s, foreign direct investment began to swamp all other cross-border capital flows into developing countries. Does foreign direct investment support sound development? In particular, does it contribute to poverty reduction?

Private portfolio flows to a country tend to rise in response to an increase in the current account deficit, a rise in foreign direct investment flows, higher per capita income, and growth performance. The most important determinant of official lending to a developing country seems to be the...