"The authors examine the empirical evidence in support of the poverty trap view of underdevelopment. They calibrate … simple aggregate growth models in which poverty traps can arise due to either low saving or low technology at low levels of … development. They then use these models to assess the empirical relevance of poverty traps and their consequences for policy. The …

"Household surveys have long been used to estimate poverty and inequality trends, as well as trends in education and … increased or remained stable in rural Africa. For all four services, among the poorest households coverage remains virtually … community to progressively increase access to modern infrastructure services in Africa. "--World Bank web site …

Africa and where it is located is provided. Using current conditions, the model calculates baseline values of cropland and … identifies the aggregate impacts, but also indicates where the impacts occur across Africa. The central region of Africa is hurt …

"This paper examines the country-level dynamics of long-run growth in Africa between 1975 and 2005. The authors examine …

firm level exports equation they estimate. One part of the effect of geography operates through Africa's lower "foreign …. Africa's poorer institutions reduce its manufactured exports directly, as well as indirectly, by lowering foreign market …

and performance in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It finds that SMEs in SSA get around market failures and lack of formal …

research based on the data sets generated by these and subsequent firm surveys in Africa, with a special view to what they …