Structural adjustment has not promoted domestic deforestation, but it has increased net imports of wood products, implying some displacement of pressure onto other countries' forest resources. Devaluations have significantly increased the exploitation of forest resources

A survey of more than 50 empirical papers shows that the adjustment costs of trade liberalization are small relative to the benefits. Moreover, manufacturing employment typically increases with trade liberalization. The limited data suggests that trade liberalization reduces poverty

"The authors revisit the debt overhang question. They first use nonparametric techniques to isolate a panel of countries on the downward sloping section of a debt Laffer Curve. In particular, overhang countries are ones where a threshold level of debt is reached in sample, beyond which (initial)...

Even though multilateral loans may have behaved countercyclically with respect to private flows to Developing countries in the short term, these flows tended to complement private flows in the medium term by signaling, and often fostering, a better investment environment in the borrowing country

Labor market policies and institutions affect the success of economic reform but probably more for political than for economic reasons. Growth appears not to be hurt by minimum wages and mandatory benefits. But the relative size of organized labor (in government and elsewhere) is crucial

Lessons from Uganda on preparing a national strategy for poverty reduction, with stakeholders participating. Uganda's experience contributed substantially to the design of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers