Analysis of data from Brazil suggest that poverty responds asymmetrically to output shocks, showing less tendency to …

"This paper examines the ways in which lower-income households obtain basic financial services in urban communities in … lower the cost or improve the quality of those services. The paper summarizes available information on these issues and … assesses the rationale and challenges facing the strategies that both countries are using to improve the financial services …

in terms of employment opportunities, labor market earnings, and access to tertiary education in Indonesia. With data … students in 1997 to examine their schooling and employment status in 2000. The findings demonstrate that: (1) attendance at … vocational secondary schools results in neither market advantage nor disadvantage in terms of employment opportunities and …

not experienced growth in employment, a phenomenon observed elsewhere in transitional economies and labeled as "jobless … subsistence and refuge from urban poverty and unemployment but is unable to grow beyond subsistence because it is disconnected …