forming self-help groups to mobilize savings and foster social empowerment at the local level is virtually non … social impacts of the formation of self-help groups in India. They find positive impacts on empowerment and nutritional … as non-participants. Female social and economic empowerment in program areas increased irrespective of participation …

East and North Africa-Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia. They highlight various channels through which public infrastructure may … public infrastructure has both "flow" and "stock" effects on private investment in Egypt, but only a "stock" effect in Jordan …

affected by many of the sources of the high costs of doing business in Egypt. While the Egyptian firms are not very highly …

Nonfarm income has a greater impact on poverty and inequality in Egypt than in Jordan. In rural Egypt the poor receive … for this difference is land: in rural Egypt, agricultural land is very productive, but access is quite limited, and so the … both countries the best way to reduce poverty and inequality might be to focus on nonfarm unskilled labor …

Policymakers interested in reducing poverty and improving income distribution in rural Egypt should focus on nonfarm … distribution. Nonfarm income is an inequality-reducing source of income in a land-scarce setting such as rural Egypt because …