workfare scheme in which the government acts as the employer of last resort. Is this a cost-effective policy against poverty … sufficient for a typical poor family to reach the poverty line would bring the annual poverty rate down from 34 percent to 25 … (three months) would bring the annual poverty rate down to 31 percent at a cost of 1.3 percent of GDP. While the gains from a …

larger effort in the vice presidency to improve measurement of vulnerability to poverty"--World Bank web site … earning dynamics and related issues such as the propensity of earners to fall into poverty or vulnerability to poverty because … other measures of interest, such as an individual's vulnerability to poverty. The results show that model parameters …