In a largely corruption-free environment, anti-corruption agencies, ethics offices, and ombudsman strengthen the … standards of accountability. In countries with endemic corruption, however, the same institutions function in form but not in …

"This paper discusses mechanisms of grand corruption in private sector utility provision in developing countries. By … the term "grand corruption," the authors abstract from the petty corruption that consumers experience - for example, when … the government level involving private sector management, ownership, and provision of utility services. Corruption at that …

) rule of law, and (6) control of corruption. They cover 209 countries and territories for 1996, 1998, 2000, 2002, and 2004 …

evidence supports the logic of reforms. The authors review the empirical evidence on electricity reform in developing countries …. They find that country institutions and sector governance play an important role in the success and failure of reform. And …

"This paper examines the impact of reducing corruption and improving transparency to lower trade costs in the Asia … trade and welfare gains for Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation members, with increased transparency and lower levels of … corruption. Results suggest that trade in the region would increase by 11 percent and global welfare would expand by …

"This paper assesses corruption levels and trends among countries in the transition countries of Eastern Europe and …. Data from firm surveys tend to show improvement in most types of administrative corruption, but little change in "state … capture" in the region. Broader, subjective corruption indicators tend to show somewhat greater improvement in ECA than in non …

"This paper examines the conceptual and empirical basis of corruption and governance and concludes that decentralized … local governance is conducive to reduced corruption in the long run. This is because localization helps to break the … as a means to making government responsive and accountable to people can help reduce corruption and improve service …