In a largely corruption-free environment, anti-corruption agencies, ethics offices, and ombudsman strengthen the … standards of accountability. In countries with endemic corruption, however, the same institutions function in form but not in …

"This paper discusses mechanisms of grand corruption in private sector utility provision in developing countries. By … the term "grand corruption," the authors abstract from the petty corruption that consumers experience - for example, when … the government level involving private sector management, ownership, and provision of utility services. Corruption at that …

"This paper examines the role of male-dominated international migration in shaping labor market outcomes by gender in …-dominated Albanian migration may lead to women's empowerment in access to income-earning opportunities at the origin. "--World Bank web …

where female participation is low. Gender differences are important in the participation decision, but operate differently … integrate gender issues into economic policy"--World Bank web site …"Quisumbing and Yohannes use the Ethiopian Rural Household Survey to examine the gender dimensions of public works …

Corruption affects the composition of capital inflows in a way that may raise the likelihood of a currency crisis …

corruption …