A survey of more than 50 empirical papers shows that the adjustment costs of trade liberalization are small relative to the benefits. Moreover, manufacturing employment typically increases with trade liberalization. The limited data suggests that trade liberalization reduces poverty

If infectious people can infect other people, who in turn can infect others, and so on--the pure infection externality--government subsidies to affect private behavior should equally favor preventive and curative activities, if people recover to become susceptible again. Otherwise, other subsidy...