different household responsibilities? No, although gender affects employment decisions indirectly, through household role. Labor … patterns are more similar for men and women who have the same household role …

earning dynamics and related issues such as the propensity of earners to fall into poverty or vulnerability to poverty because … other measures of interest, such as an individual's vulnerability to poverty. The results show that model parameters … the model, in this case pseudo-panel measures of vulnerability to poverty, reflect closely those based on actual panel …