We examine whether frontier rule, which disallows frontier residents from recourse to formal institutions of conflict … 10km-by10km grid cell-level data on conflict in a spatial regression discontinuity design framework, we show that areas … represented a universal shock to grievances against the state which, in the absence of formal avenues of conflict management, led …

We examine whether frontier rule, which disallows frontier residents from a recourse to formal institutions of conflict …km-by10km grid cell-level data on conflict in a spatial regression discontinuity design framework, we show that areas … conflict management, led to a sharp surge in attacks against state targets in frontier areas. We show that the surge in …

This paper investigates how armed groups affect the organization of local communities during armed conflict in Colombia …

heterogeneous impact by the level of rebelocracy. Using a household panel in four conflict regions in Colombia, the estimation …

, armed conflict and civil war, and economic crisis such as currency and debt crisis. …